MLS Psychology Research

Créditos Vol 7 Núm 2 (2024)

2024-12-01T22:10:39+00:00

Exploring psychedelic therapies: A systematic review of the effectiveness of psilocybin in the treatment of depression

2024-12-02T16:39:47+00:00

The main objective is to verify if the administration of psilocybin is effective for the treatment of depression. In addition, the aim is to verify whether psilocybin is more effective compared to escitalopram as well as to verify the existence of adverse effects due to the treatment. Currently, mental health faces global challenges; Proof of this is the 25% increase in depressive disorders during the first year of the pandemic, affecting one billion people. Major depressive disorder has increased by 50% in the last thirty years. Despite conventional treatments, attention is turning to innovative approaches such as psychedelic-assisted therapy, especially psilocybin, sparking global interest. Method: Pubmed and Sciencedirect were used as scientific data sources to carry out the review, following the PICO method. The process consisted of five phases, during which inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, where a total of twenty-five articles were selected. Results: Psilocybin as assisted therapy is effective in the treatment of depression; reducing symptoms, changes in perspective and cognition as well as an improvement in mental health. Discussion: More research is required to determine long-term effectiveness as well as to establish treatment guidelines. Psilocybin stands out for its speed of action and safety profile, being effective for the treatment of depression. Likewise, the antidepressant escitalopramappears to show comparable efficacy to psilocybin.

Exploring the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy in couples: role of self-esteem in aggressive and submissive coping styles

2024-12-16T14:14:13+00:00

Introduction: Self-fulfilling prophecy involves an erroneous contextualization that can influence behavior and confirm original beliefs. This prophecy can be positive (Pygmalion) or negative (Golem) and occurs in significant relationships. It is postulated that low self-esteem may contribute to this phenomenon, and that different coping styles, such as submission, aggression, assertiveness, and passive aggression, according to the two-dimensional model of assertiveness, may be related to self-fulfilling prophecy. The hypothesis posits the correlation between submissive coping styles and low self-esteem with the self-fulfilling prophecy in interpersonal relationships. Also that aggressive coping styles and high self-esteem are related to this phenomenon. Method: The sample consisted of 15 heterosexual couples between 18 and 30 years old, with at least one year of relationship and were administered the ASPA, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and an Ad Hoc. questionnaire. Results: The results revealed a significant inverse association between male self-esteem and self-fulfilling prophecy in men with a submissive style, explaining 38% of the variance of the dependent variable. Discussion: This supports the hypothesis that low self-esteem along with a submissive style are related to self-fulfilling prophecy. It is important to keep in mind the limitations of this study, such as the small sample size and the possibility of desirability bias.

Analysis of quality of life experience, self-esteem, anxiety and depression in people with schizophrenia

2025-01-09T18:11:44+00:00

This research analyzes the perception of the variables Quality of Life, Self-Esteem, Anxiety and Depression in people with schizophrenia, using different tests for their evaluation. There is a sample of 70 participants, 19 of whom belong to users of a Psychosocial Rehabilitation Center, and the remaining 51 to the normative population. This report is a cross-sectional descriptive study which obtained results indicate a marked significant difference in the subscales of Quality of Life corresponding to Physical Health, Psychological Health and Social Relationships. A distinction was also observed in the Self-Esteem and Depressionscores, thus confirming the fulfillment of three of the four hypotheses on which the research was based. Nevertheless, the need to extend the research with a larger population to obtain more precise results is pointed out. The conclusions and discussion reflect the need to implement interventions aimed at improving the non-psychotic dimensions of the disease in order to increase the well-being and quality of life of this population group.

Influence of parental skills on the manifestation of behavioral problems in children from 8 to 11 years old, who reside in the province of San José, Costa Rica

2024-12-02T16:47:10+00:00

The study focuses on behavioral problems in children aged 8 to 11 years in San José, Costa Rica and their relationship with emotional bonding and parenting skills. Behavioral problems affect family dynamics, academic and social performance, and are one of the main problems in childhood.

The E2P scale was used to evaluate parenting skills and the ESPERI test was used to categorize child behavior. The sample consisted of 150 families, with children who did or did not present behavioral problems. The analysis of the variables was carried out through a categorical study with the SPSS program using cross tables, chi-square and contingency coefficient.

The results show that high-frequency parental competences have an impact on the reduction of problematic behaviors, that is, the higher the parental competence, the lower the manifestation of behavioral problems. Although a direct relationship was expected between the emotional bond (bonding competencies) and behavioral problems, it was found that the four dimensions of parenting competencies influence by reducing negative behavioral reactivity.

The analysis also included statistical tests such as chi-square and contingency coefficient. Despite these efforts, correlations were observed that did not reach significant levels. This underlines the complexity of the phenomenon studied and highlights the importance of future research to further explore the relationships between these variables. Despite this, qualitative analysis provides valuable.

Analysis of Psychotherapeutic Experiences based on the Systemic Model in Families with a Terminal Patient

2025-01-10T10:23:25+00:00

This article describes research with the families of terminal patients in the Municipal Hospital “El Bajio del Oriente” in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. While interacting with terminal patients and their families, the need for systemic family therapy was recognized. Terminal illness interrupts the cycle of life of the individual as well as family dynamics. The objective of this study was to explore how systemic family therapy contributes to the emotional well-being and resilience of families facing the difficult situation of having a terminally ill loved one. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation techniques were used to collect qualitative data, which were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. The Results revealed that systemic family therapy provided a safe space to express their emotions, engage in healthier relationships, and develop effective coping strategies. Additionally, the therapy was found to help strengthen family bonds and promote open and honest communication. These findings suggest that systemic family therapy can be a valuable tool in supporting families facing situations of terminal illness, providing them with a supportive space and promoting their emotional well-being.

Portuguese Teacher Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education in Basic and Secondary Schools

2025-01-10T10:49:36+00:00

Introduction: The availability of teachers to make personal, organizational and academic adaptations in their classrooms is essential for the implementation of inclusive education. This availability is influenced by teacher’s attitudes towards inclusive education. There are not yet many quantitative studies regarding the attitudes of Portuguese teachers towards inclusive education. This study aims to examine the attitudes of Portuguese teachers towards inclusive education, as well as the correlation with demographic and professional characteristics. A quantitative study with a non-experimental, descriptive and correlational design was proposed, using a demographic questionnaire and the MATIES scale (Multidimensional Attitudes toward Inclusive Education Scale). The sample was made up of 437 primary and secondary school teachers in Portugal. Results: The results show that teachers have a generally positive attitude towards inclusive education. No influence of gender, age or type of teacher variables on teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education was identified. Discussion: Teachers have a good level of confidence in their ability to work in the field of inclusive education, but report a lack of specific training in this area. The implications of this evidence in the theoretical and practical field are discussed, as well as the limitations of using attitude assessment scales for inclusive education.

Group methodology for psychoanalytic exploration: an intervention program for the proper management of situations of fear

2024-12-02T16:53:57+00:00

The article presents a research focused on the development of a group analysis device called 'The Talking Machine', designed to address the fears and anxieties experienced by student teachers during their professional internships. This device has the main objective of improving student retention and performance by providing a safe and structured space where they can reflect on their concerns and find creative solutions. Through group activities, it is expected that participants will develop communication skills, strengthen their confidence and acquire skills to face the challenges of their teacher training.

The proposal of 'The Talking Machine' arises as a response to the need to provide tools to adequately manage the situations of fear and anxiety that may arise in the formative process of future teachers. The importance of promoting teamwork, personal reflection and self-knowledge is highlighted as fundamental elements for the professional development of students. Additionally, the possibility of incorporating this device into the teacher training plan in the province of Río Negro is raised, which could significantly contribute to improving the quality of education and the well-being of future educators.

The impact of bilingualism on the communicative development of children with autistic spectrum disorder

2024-12-02T17:01:04+00:00

Bilingualism is a phenomenon known as the ability to speak two languages fluently for communication. This skill has been shown to bring a number of cognitive benefits, especially in the area of the prefrontal cortex, where executive functions (EF) and language functions are located. However, children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have difficulties in using language due to the involvement of these brain areas. Within the ASD spectrum, there are different profiles ranging from mild to verysevere impairment, which is why some children with ASD have less impairment in language and cognition, meaning that they could benefit from bilingualism to enhance these skills. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether bilingual children with ASD (ASD-B) have specific cognitive improvements in language use and cognitive skills in comparison with monolingual children with ASD (ASD-M) and typically developing bilingual children (TD-B). The aim is to validate or not the main hypothesis and to propose a research approach on how bilingualism could be beneficial for this population.